生物工程 Biological Engineering
专业简介
()首席留学专家刘颖老师介绍,生物工程是利用有生命物质作为手段来参于改造自然现象的过程,对象可以是无生命物质,例如发酵工程、酶工程等等;或以生物为对象,人为地改造生命现象的过程,例如医学工程、农业工程、细胞工程、基因工程等等。仿生学虽然不是利用生物作为手段,但也是通过深入了解生命现象的规律来解决工程技术问题,也可属于广义的生物工程学范畴之内。即凡是以有生命物质作为手段来影响或改变无生命现象,或用各种自然科学的方法、技术来影响或改变有生命现象的自然过程,以达到为人类服务的目的,都可以包含在生物工程范畴之内。
生物工程主要研究基因工程、遗传工程、蛋白质工程、酶工程、细胞工程和发酵工程的理论及其在工、医、农、环境保护等部门中的开发和应用,如研究改变遗传因子组合,生产出有强抗病性的小麦;利用微生物的作用发酵香蕉,制作甜酒;还有大家熟知的克隆羊多利,就是由生物工程技术创造的;根据国际植物基因工程发展的新趋势,还可以利用转基因植物生产各种蛋白类药物,吃了这类含药物基因的食物,就可以起到治病防病的作用,等等。
生物工程常见研究方向和专业领域
生物工程技术分支多种多样,有一种分类是将生物工程归为三大类
·生物加工工程生物加工设计,生物催化,生物分离,生物信息学等。
·基因工程生物合成,细胞工程,组织培养工程,基因转移等。
·生物医学工程生物医学技术,生物医学诊断,生物医学治疗,生物力学,生物材料学等。
在这三大类中又分为很多更细的技术。
生物工程专业的毕业生,根据所研究领域的不同,可以从事与生命科学相关的许多行业。
professions |
Workplaces |
Professionals |
Earnings |
Agricultural and food scientists |
Federal, State, or local governments, agricultural service panies, mercial research and development laboratories, seed panies, holesale distributors, and food products panies |
Food scientists and technologist |
$29620-$97350 |
Plant and soil scientists |
$33650-$93460 | ||
Animal scientists |
$47800 average | ||
Biological Scientists |
Federal, State, and local governments. scientific research and testing laboratories, the pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing industry, or colleges and universities. |
Biochemists and biophysicists |
$40820-$129510 |
Microbiologists |
$35460-$108270 | ||
Zoologists and ildlife biologists |
$32800-$84580 | ||
Conservation scientists & foresters |
Federal, State and local governments. samills, ood products manufacturers, logging panies, and the forestry industry. |
Conservation scientists |
$29860-$80260 |
Foresters |
$33490-$74570 | ||
Medical scientists |
colleges and universities. scientific research and development services firms; pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; hospitals; private educational services and ambulatory health care services. |
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing |
Average $82,640 |
Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences |
$71,490 | ||
Offices of physicians |
$70,000 | ||
General medical and surgical hospitals |
$64,700 | ||
Colleges, universities, and professional schools |
$44,600 | ||
Governments, hospitals, colleges and universities, scientific research and development services. |
Epidemiologists |
$36920-$87300 |